1. Overview
Animal fat is fat obtained from the body of animals. Can be divided into terrestrial warm-blooded animals and poultry fats, such as tallow, mutton fat, lard, etc., generally solid, and its main components are palmitic acid, stearic acid triglycerides; marine mammals and fish Oils, such as whale oil, fish oil, etc.
In general, it is a liquid. Besides myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid, there are unsaturated acids with 22~24 carbons and 4~6 double bonds and unsaturated acids with 10~14 carbons.
Fish oil is a collective term for all oils in the fish body. It includes body oil, liver oil and brain oil. The main fish oil is a kind of oil extracted from fatty fish, rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA and EPA) ), has health benefits such as anti-inflammatory and regulating blood lipids. In a broad sense, fish oil refers to not only fish oil preparations in the form of capsules, but also fat in fish. The main functional component is ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
2.Main purpose
Mainly for food, such as lard, beef tallow, suet, etc. It is also widely used in the manufacture of hardened oil, soap, glycerin, lubricating oil and leather industry and medicine; fish oil is the raw material for the preparation of coatings. Obtained by boiling method.
The fats and oils of terrestrial animals are mainly concentrated in adipose tissue and internal organs, such as lard, tallow, suet, etc.; there are also emulsified states in the milk of mammals, such as butter. There are also small amounts present in the bone marrow, such as bone oil. The fatty acids composing triglycerides are mainly oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid. Among them, saturated acid is generally more than vegetable oil. Most of the fat of fish is in the liver, such as cod liver oil. Most of the fat of marine animals is found under the skin, such as dolphin oil.
3.Processing technology of rendering plant
There are roughly two methods for refining animal oil: steam refining and high temperature refining. Steam refining generally uses reactors or closed cooking tanks, which is what we are talking about boiling oil refining.
The boiled oil refining has good color and high oil yield, but it can not bring out some of the advantages of animal oil, the mellow aroma of animal oil itself, can not be used, and the acid value increases after a long time, so it is rarely used now Steam refining method.
High-temperature refining also includes two kinds of heat conduction oil heating and direct fire heating. Direct-fire heating refining animal oil is generally suitable for small-volume users, the output is generally less than ten tons, direct-fire heating is convenient, simple, and can be produced without throwing too much.
It is worth noting that you should not use high fire when making animal oil. When the temperature of the oil exceeds 200℃, its nutrients will change, which will not only produce peculiar smell, but also affect digestion after ingestion, and cause cough, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. , Binocular burning and bronchitis.
In addition, animal oil should not be stored for too long. When animal oil has deteriorated and has a sour taste, avoid eating it, because it contains cholesterol, which can cause atherosclerosis and endanger human health.
Brief introduction of Rendering plant
1、After the raw materials are collected in a concentrated manner, they are transported to the raw material storage warehouse by a special enclosed dump truck for temporary storage without manual contact.
2、After unloading is completed, the raw material storage door is automatically closed and the automatic feeding system is turned on. The raw materials are directly conveyed to the pre-crusher at a uniform speed through a screw conveyor in a closed environment with negative pressure, and pre-crushed under the action of the shredder , After the pre-shredding is completed, the raw material warehouse and pre-shredder can be automatically cleaned and disinfected.
3、The crushed material is directly entered into the closed preheating tank through the screw conveyor for preheating and cooking. After cooking, the material is transported to the oil boiling machine by the pipeline pump for high temperature boiling. The whole process is sealed, intelligent operation, without direct contact of personnel, and the secondary contamination of bacteria is avoided.
4、After the feed is completed, close the tank mouth, perform heating and pressure sterilization and smelting. After the temperature in the tank reaches 140 degrees or more (0.4Mpa), keep the pressure for 30-60 minutes (the pressure and temperature can also be adjusted according to different materials), and then Use negative pressure vacuum drying to dry (adjust the drying time according to the moisture content of the material) until the moisture content of the material drops to 10-12%. The single batch processing capacity is 5-6 tons, and the entire process of feeding, boiling and discharging is about 4 hours. At the same time, a steam recovery device can be configured to achieve energy saving and consumption reduction. The whole process adopts PLC intelligent control system to be safe and convenient.
5、After finishing the refining, turn on the unloading electric control valve, and the material will directly enter the horizontal oil slag storage tank through the chain conveyor. The unloading electric control valve ensures that no steam overflows during discharging, without manual operation. The horizontal oil residue storage tank temporarily stores semi-finished materials and has the functions of automatic uniform mixing and crushing.
6、The semi-finished materials are fed into the oil press through a screw conveyor. The oil is separated in the oil press, and the oil content of the material is reduced to the feed oil standard to obtain meat and bone meal and oil. The peculiar smell during the pressing process is directly collected through the negative pressure pipeline and sent to the waste gas treatment device for processing.
7、The meat and bone meal enters the cooling system through the conveyor (equipped with dust removal equipment), which lowers the temperature of the material to room temperature plus or minus 5 degrees Celsius, and then the material enters the crushing system from the conveyor. After crushing the material by the conveyor and elevator into the storage bin, finally through the automatic weighing and packaging system, packaging into the warehouse.
8、After the separated grease is heated and stirred by the heating and stirring tank, it enters the decanter centrifuge to obtain purified crude oil through physical centrifugation, and the crude oil enters the grease storage tank through the oil transfer pump and pipeline.
9、In the oil boiling production process, the vacuum system completes control, drainage control and other links. After the exhaust gas passes through the pressure relief dust collector to reduce dust, it enters the water-cooled tube deodorizing condenser to condense the high-temperature steam into water. After the condensed small amount of gas is processed by the chemical scrubber, the trace amount of gas finally enters the biosorption pool, and the material microorganisms in the pool are finally used to achieve full discharge.
10、The vapor in the production process is collected by a negative pressure tube, processed by chemical washing, and then entered the biosorption tank for biological purification and UV composite photolysis for deodorization, decomposition, purification and discharge of the standard.
11、The whole workshop adopts high pressure fan, forming a negative pressure state, (every 1-2 hours workshop exhaust once) all the waste gas into the biosorption tank after biological purification treatment discharge standards.
12、The waste water produced in the drying process is exhaust gas. Distilled water does not contain grease. The main harmful components CODcr, bod, and ammonia nitrogen can be directly discharged into the sewage treatment equipment through a closed pipeline for centralized treatment, and finally discharge up to the standard.
